In 1969, the Laboratory was established to provide scientific expertise to 20 law enforcement agencies. Since that time, the number of law enforcement agencies utilizing the Crime Laboratory's services has greatly increased. Approximately 110 member agencies contract with the Miami Valley Regional Crime Laboratory for laboratory services. A member agency's fee is based upon the population of its jurisdiction and laboratory usage. Cases are also accepted from non-member agencies on a fee-per-case basis.

The Laboratory consists of many scientific areas, all of which are listed on the left navigation.